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Masana kimiyya sun gano dalilin da ya sa maza sukan mutu tun suna ƙanana fiye da mata: Wadanda suka rasa Y chromosomes daga kwayoyin jininsu yayin da suke tsufa na iya zama mafi haɗari ga ciwon zuciya da gazawar zuciya .
Binciken shine na baya-bayan nan don duba abin da ya faru na ” haɓaka mosaic na Y ” – inda kwayoyin Y chromosome ke ɓacewa daga wani yanki na ƙwayoyin jinin mutum.
Masu bincike ba su san dalilin da ya sa ya faru ba, amma yana da alaƙa da tsufa : Ana iya gano shi a cikin kimanin kashi 40 cikin 100 na maza masu shekaru 70, da fiye da rabin waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin 90s.
A wani lokaci, masu bincike sun yi tunanin cewa rasa Y — ƙaramar chromosome mai tauri — wani ɓangare ne na tsufa na al’ada .
Amma a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, binciken ya danganta asarar Y zuwa ƙara yawan haɗari na yanayi kamar Alzheimer’s , cututtukan zuciya da kuma wasu cututtuka , da kuma gajeren lokaci na rayuwa.
Nunin nunin faifai
Ciwon Maza (ED) Dalilai da Magani
DUBA SLIDESHOW
Wadancan binciken, duk da haka, ba zai iya nuna ko asarar chromosome na ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga cututtuka ba, ko kuma alama ce kawai cewa sauran hanyoyin jiki suna yin kuskure.
“Tambayar ita ce, asarar Y kawai alama ce ta tsufa , kamar launin toka?” In ji marubucin binciken Kenneth Walsh.
Sakamakon binciken ƙungiyarsa ya nuna amsar ita ce a’a: A cikin berayen lab, asarar Y a cikin ƙwayoyin jini ya sa nama na zuciya ya zama mai rauni kuma ya kai ga mutuwa a baya.
Shaida ce cewa asarar chromosome ɗan wasa ne kai tsaye, ba kawai mai kallo ba, a cewar Walsh, wanda ke jagorantar Cibiyar Halittar Halittu na Hematovascular a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami’ar Virginia.
Yawancin mutane sun san Y chromosome a matsayin chromosome na jima’i: Mata suna da X chromosomes biyu, yayin da maza suna da X da Y.
Masu bincike sun kasance suna tunanin Y chromosome bai yi kadan ba fiye da tantance halayen jima’i na namiji. Amma bincike a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan ya gano cewa Y-chromosome ya ƙunshi ƙarin kwayoyin halitta fiye da yadda ake tunani a baya — waɗanda ba a san aikin su ba.
Daidai da wancan aikin, bincike ya danganta asarar Y zuwa haɗarin cututtuka daban-daban.
Don samun dalilin, Walsh da tawagarsa sun gudanar da bincike a cikin mutane da kuma berayen lab.
Ga na farko, sun yi amfani da babban bayanan bincike tare da bayanan likita da kwayoyin halitta game da manya 500,000 na Burtaniya. Sun gano cewa mutanen da suka shiga wannan binciken tare da asarar Y – a cikin fiye da kashi 40% na ƙwayoyin jininsu – sun fi muni fiye da shekaru masu zuwa.
Sun kasance 41% mafi kusantar mutuwa ta kowane dalili a cikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa, tare da maza ba tare da asarar Y. Musamman, sun kasance kusan sau biyu zuwa sau uku mafi kusantar mutuwa saboda gazawar zuciya ko cututtukan zuciya da ke da alaƙa da hawan jini mai tsayi .
Don gwada tasirin asarar Y kai tsaye, ƙungiyar Walsh ta yi amfani da fasahar “gyaran halitta” don ƙirƙirar berayen da ba su da chromosome a yawancin ƙwayoyin jininsu.
Sun gano cewa a cikin tsofaffin berayen, asarar Y yana haɓaka canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a tsarin zuciya da aiki, kuma yana sa dabbobin sun fi kamuwa da tabo a cikin zuciya, da huhu da koda. A cikin gwaji ɗaya, asarar chromosome ya sa rashin ciwon zuciya da ke wanzuwa ya fi muni.
Walsh ya ce hasarar chromosome na Y ya bayyana don canza aikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke aiki a cikin zuciya, wanda ke haifar da tabo na nama.
An buga binciken ne a ranar 15 ga Yuli a cikin mujallar Kimiyya.
Wani mai binciken da bai shiga cikin binciken ya ce zai iya kara haifar da sha’awa ga wani al’amari da bai samu kulawa ba.
Akwai “mai ban sha’awa” don gano sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na cututtukan gama gari na tsufa, in ji Kim Simpfendorfer, mataimakiyar farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Feinstein a Manhasset, NY.
Yana iya yiwuwa ma, in ji ta, a tantance maza don asarar Y a matsayin alamar haɗarin cututtuka daban-daban.
Walsh ya kuma nuna yiwuwar hakan. Gwajin asarar chromosome ya riga ya zama mai sauƙi kuma mara tsada, in ji shi.
Amma dubawa yana da amfani kawai idan ana iya yin wani abu da wannan bayanin. A nan gaba, Walsh ya ce, tantancewar na iya gano maza waɗanda za su iya amfana daga ƙarin gwaji don alamun fibrosis, ko tabon nama.
Ya yi nuni da cewa, akwai wasu magungunan da ake amfani da su wajen tabon huhu . Tambaya ɗaya ita ce ko maza masu asarar Y za su amsa da kyau musamman ga waɗancan kwayoyi .
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka rage shine abin da ke haifar da asarar Y.
“Akwai sauye-sauye da yawa,” in ji Walsh. “A lokacin da suke da shekaru 60, wasu maza suna nuna hasara mai yawa na Y, wasu kuma suna nuna kadan.”
Nazarin ya haifar da shan taba a matsayin bayyanar da ke haifar da asarar Y, amma ba a san da yawa ba. “Wasu daga ciki,” in ji Walsh, “na iya zama kwayoyin halittar da aka haife ku da su.”
Kuma yayin da mata ba su da Y chromosome, za su iya rasa ɗaya daga cikin chromosomes X a cikin ƙwayoyin jininsu yayin da suke tsufa. Ba kamar yadda aka saba da asarar Y a cikin maza ba, in ji Walsh, kuma ya zuwa yanzu, ba a haɗa shi da wata haɗarin cuta ba.
Asarar Y na iya zama dalili ɗaya da mata gabaɗaya suka wuce maza, a cewar Walsh. Duk da yake wani ɓangare na wannan gibin yana bayyana ta hanyar samari da ke mutuwa saboda dalilai kamar hatsarori, ba labarin gaba ɗaya bane, Walsh ya lura.
“Kamar dai maza sun fi girma a ilimin halitta,” in ji shi.
Karin bayani
Dakin karatu na likitanci na Amurka yana da ƙari akan Y-chromosome .
